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NEB ENGLISH GUIDE CLASS 11: ALL NOTES [ C. ENGLISH |M. ENGLISH] NEB ENGLISH SUPPORT
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Unit: 13 Class 11 English
Career and Entrepreneurship
Mahabir Pun: A Visionary Social Entrepreneur
Exercise & Grammar | Language Development
Career and Entrepreneurship: Mahabir Pun: A Visionary Social Entrepreneur
ABOUT MAHABIR PUN
Mahabir Pun (born January 22, 1955), born and raised in Nangi in Myagdi District, Nepal, is a teacher, social entrepreneur, innovator, and social activist. He is known for his extensive work in applying wireless technologies to develop remote areas of the Himalayas. He has designed income-generation initiatives that deliver new economic possibilities to villagers, allowing them to be sustainable.
He is building self-sustainable, community-run schools that improve the quality of education, bring jobs and opportunities to villages, and curb migration to urban centers. His works have been recognised by the Ashoka Foundation, the Ramon Magsaysay Foundation, the University of Nebraska, the Global Ideas Bank, and the Nepal Government.
WAYS WITH WORDS
A. Find the words from the text which mean the following. The first letter has been given.
a. making you feel physically relaxed; pleasant to wear, sit on, etc. c........................
Answer:
comfortable
b. having a degree from the university g.............
Answer:
graduated
c. without being connected with or influenced by something or by each other i.................
Answer:
independently
d. the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing something i...................
Answer:
innovation
e. familiar with something, having read, seen or experienced it a........................
Answer:
acquainted
f. a person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks e..................
Answer:
entrepreneur
g. an opportunity or a place for somebody to express their opinions publicly or make progress in a particular area p....................
Answer:
platform
h. to use something, especially for a practical purpose u.....................
Answer:
utilize
B. Write the plural forms of the following nouns.
a. calf
Answer:
calves
b. basis
Answer:
bases
c. sheaf
Answer:
sheaves
d. cactus
Answer:
cacti or cactuses
e. louse
Answer:
lice
f. crisis
Answer:
crises
9. person
Answer:
people or persons
h. formula
Answer:
formulas or formulae
i. ox
Answer:
oxen
j. fungus
Answer:
fungi or funguses
k. goose
Answer:
geese
I. oasis
Answer:
oases
m. analysis
Answer:
analyses
n. curriculum
Answer:
curricula or curriculums
o. appendix
Answer:
appendixes or appendices
COMPREHENSION
Answer these questions:
a. How did Mahabir Pun begin his lifelong journey in Nepal after coming back to Nepal from the US?
Answer:
After coming back to Nepal from the US, Mahabir Pun began his lifelong journey in Nepal with a plan to stay in his rural village Nangi of Myagdi district and help his villagers through his volunteer teaching service in the village's high school.
b. Why didn't he want to work for other companies in the US or Nepal?
Answer:
He didn't want to work for other companies in the US or Nepal because he wanted to work independently and do something on his own for the benefit of Nepali people away from the concept of so-called better living.
c. Why did he involve in innovation?
Answer:
He involved in innovation to find solutions of various kinds of solutions regarding his community. Apart from this, the concept of National economic development motivated him to involve in innovation.
d. What are the income-generating programmes that he helped to start?
Answer:
The income-generating programmes that he helped to start are as follows:
Papermaking
Jam making
Cheesemaking
Yak farming
Camping ground for the trekkers
Beekeeping
Vegetable farming
Handicraft making
Fish farming etc.
e. Whose support is Pun getting to proceed with his campaign?
Answer:
Pun is getting the support of the people and communities to proceed with his campaign.
f. How have the developed countries become prosperous?
Answer:
The developed countries have become prosperous because they have always given priority to research and innovation for their economic development. They always try to invest more in these two sectors because they know that these sectors are engines to drive economic development.
g. How can we keep the most talented and innovative people in Nepal?
Answer:
We can keep the most talented and innovative people in Nepal by providing them with well-equipped platforms, a good working environment and a full support system.
CRITICAL THINKING
a. Pun says, “We do not have culture of innovation that encourages young people to be innovative and creative”. Do you agree with him? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, I completely agree with the statement given by Mahabir Pun. By innovation, we mean the introduction of something new, in customs, rites, etc. Innovation is one of the main sources of economic growth. In most developed countries, innovation and innovative manpower have been given preference. Due to different innovative ideas and inventions, these developed countries are in the top ranks. No country in the world has been financially successful without giving more priority to research and innovation and investing a huge amount of money to promote its innovative manpower.
In the context of Nepal, we really don't find a culture of innovation among teachers, students, and young citizens.
Innovative ideas are as important as the academic grades of the students. But in our schools, colleges, and even universities, research and innovative ideas are not prioritized. No one wants to talk about innovations. Our education system and its policies are still running with the same traditional strategies. The education system is limited to reading books, memorising, and writing exams only. From ancient times up until now, there has been no change in our education system. Our government even doesn't show any interest in innovation. It doesn't help young people to be innovative and creative. Due to the lack of quality education, many students prefer to go abroad in search of a better education every year.
Abroad or in developed countries, the topmost priority is given to those subjects that are research-based. In such education, the government even invests a huge amount of money. The students struggle hard to learn about the inventions of various modern gadgets. But, in our country, Nepal, there are still no opportunities for young people who are likely to do something new. Here, we do not have a culture of encouraging them. This is the main reason why talented youths don't want to stay and work in Nepal.
I think it is the responsibility of the government to create a sound environment and support system to keep the most talented and innovative people in Nepal and utilise them for the economic development of the country.
b. What qualities does an individual need to become an entrepreneur?
Answer:
Entrepreneurs have innovative business opportunities and a desire to drive change, but they can also have a wide variety of personalities and come from all kinds of backgrounds. So what defines a great startup founder? Find out what essential skills and qualities are needed to be a successful entrepreneur.
1. Leadership:
One of the most important qualities of an entrepreneur is the ability to lead. An entrepreneur has the capacity to lead others. He or she must be good at handling the staff and managing every important decision for all.
2. Vision:
Vision is the next important quality of an entrepreneur. An entrepreneur who is truly blazing new trails always has a vision in mind. He or she must have a variety of ideas regarding his or her business.
3. Motivation:
The third important quality of an entrepreneur is motivation. The most successful entrepreneur is endlessly driven. He or she has a knack for motivating himself or herself to do more, work harder, and perform better virtually every waking moment.
4. Positivity:
Another important quality for an entrepreneur is positivity. There’s always a fine line between being upbeat and staying positive, and the best entrepreneur knows how to walk it carefully. After all, positivity is much more than just being happy or providing constant affirmation.
5. Risk-inclined:
The next important quality of an entrepreneur is being risk-averse. Just building or starting a business is rarely an easy process, and even the most efficient startup will face many obstacles on the road. Whether there is a steep learning curve involved, meeting a lofty fundraising goal, or traversing an impossible timeline, every business has its fair share of risks. As an entrepreneur, he or she has to be willing to take on those risks, but he or she shouldn’t do so blindly.
6. Creativity:
Creativity is the next important quality of an entrepreneur. An entrepreneur rarely does things by the book since he or she has the ability to see better ways of making products, doing business, and living life.
7. Adaptability:
The next important quality for an entrepreneur is adaptability. Both creativity and adaptability go hand-in-hand. An entrepreneur's vision may not appeal to every member of his or her target audience, but being flexible could enable him or her to make key product updates that turn his or her launch into a success.
8. Tenacity:
Tenacity is another important quality of an entrepreneur. To build a company, it requires much more than just focus and drive. As an entrepreneur, one should be tenacious, constantly redefining his or her goals, and staying on track to meet objectives.
GRAMMAR
Present Perfect and Past Simple
A. Notice the use of present perfect and past simple in the following text.
I think I have had a very interesting life. I'm 73 now and I don't work anymore. I was in the army for 31 years. I retired when I was 52. I have been to so many countries that I can't remember all of them. I've been to Australia six or seven times and to South Africa three times. I have also been once to Russia but I didn't like it at all: much too cold for me!
I've never been on television, but I've been on the radio once. It was a programme about life in the military about twenty years ago. I've met a lot of famous people: members of the royal family, famous politicians and also famous cinema and television personalities. I've never met the American President though which is a pity.
Because I've travelled a lot, I've seen a lot of wonderful things and have also eaten and drunk some strange foods and drinks. I ate cat and rat in India and drank something called Mirto on a little island in Italy many years ago.
B. Look at the diagram about the use of present perfect tense.
I lost my keys yesterday.
I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it anywhere.
D. We use both 'been (to)' and 'gone (to)' as the past participle of 'go', but with different meanings.
I’ve been to Muktinath.
Prem is on holiday. He has gone to Ilam.
Sarika is back home now. She has been to Jumla.
E. Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
a. I dont know where Muna is. .......... (you/see) her?
Answer:
I don't know where Muna is. Have you seen her?
b. Janak ......... (not/be) very well last week.
Answer:
Janak wasn't very well last week.
c. Last night ........ (lose) my keys. So I stayed in my friend's home.
Answer:
Last night I lost my keys. So I stayed in my friend's home.
d. I .............. (lose) my keys. Can you help me look for them?
Answer:
I have lost my keys. Can you help me look for them?
e. I ............ (know) Jamuna for three years. We still meet once a month.
Answer:
I have known Jamuna for three years. We still meet once a month.
f. She ............... (live) in Sikkim when she was a child.
Answer:
She lived in Sikkim when she was a child.
g. A: What's wrong?
B: I ............ (break) a glass.
Answer:
I have broken a glass.
h. A: When ........... (you/arrive)?
B: At 10 pm last night.
Answer:
When did you arrive?
i. How long ........... (you/know) Sarmila for?
Answer:
How long have you known Sarmila for?
j. This is the first time ........... (drive) a car.
Answer:
This is the first time I have driven a car.
F. Use been or gone.
a. I've never .............. to Japan.
Answer:
I've never been to Japan.
b. Kalpana has ........... to Korea. She may come back next year.
Answer:
Kalpana has gone to Korea.
c. A: Where's Rachana?
B: She has ........... to the shops.
Answer:
She has gone to the shops.
d. Harina was here earlier but I think she has ......... now.
Answer:
Harina was here earlier but I think she has gone now.
e. Have you ever ........... to London?
Answer:
Have you ever been to London?
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