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The Metamorphosis
ABOUT THE STORY
The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka
This story "The Metamorphosis" was written by Franz Kafka. It was first published in 1915. The Metamorphosis is one of Kafka's most famous works, telling the story of salesman Gregor Samsa, who turns into an insect. Until this incident, Gregor has worked hard to support his parents and sister. When he can no longer provide for them financially, Gregor discovers that his family can actually function. Metamorphosis explores various themes such as isolation, family relationships, absurdity and transformation.
FULL BOOK SUMMARY
The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka
The main character Gregor Samsa is a salesman who travels a lot for his job. One day, he wakes up in his bed and realises that he has turned into a big insect. Even though his room looks normal, he decides to go back to sleep, ignoring what happened. When he tries to roll over, he can't get back to sleep because of his insect body. Trying to scratch an itch, he feels quite disgusted when he touches himself with his new legs. He thinks about his boring life as a salesman and wishes that he could quit. But he can't move further in his thoughts of quitting the job because his family members rely on his money. When he checks the clock, he realises that he overslept and missed his train to work.
Later, Gregor's mother knocks on the door. When he responds, he realises that his voice sounds different. His family thinks that he might be sick, so they ask him to open the locked door. Due to his transformed insect body, Gregor struggles a lot to get out of bed. While he's struggling in his bed, he hears his office manager's voice, who has come into the apartment to check why he has not come to work. Eventually, he manages to get to the floor and says that he'll open the door soon.
Through the door, his office manager tells him about the problems he might face for not showing up to work. He also suggests that Gregor's recent work hasn't been good. Gregor argues and assures his manager that he'll come soon. However, both his family and the manager can't understand his language. They suppose something might be really wrong with him. Gregor uses his mouth to unlock the door because he has no hands.
He asks his manager to forgive him for being late to his start. The boss is thoroughly shocked to see Gregor's appearance. He quickly leaves the apartment. Gregor tries to follow his manager, but his father uses a cane and a newspaper to push him back into his bedroom. While trying to go back through the door, Gregor hurts himself. His father closes the door so quickly. Tired, Gregor falls asleep in the meantime.
When Gregor wakes up, he finds milk and bread in his room. He used to prefer milk a lot, but now he doesn't enjoy it. He hides himself under a couch and starts listening to the quiet apartment. The next day, his sister Grete comes and sees that he hasn't touched the milk. She replaces it with rotting food scraps. Gregor becomes so happy and eats all the items.
Now the family has a new routine to follow. Gregor's sister always feeds him and cleans up while he stays hidden under the couch. Gregor is worried that his appearance might scare his sister. He spends most of his time listening to his family talk through the wall. They talk a lot about their financial problems since Gregor can't support them anymore. Gregor even learns that his mother eagerly wants to visit him, but his sister and father won't allow her to do so.
As time passes, Gregor gets used to his new body. He starts climbing walls and ceilings for his entertainment. When his sister Grete sees all his activities, she decides to clear some furniture to give him more space. As they remove furniture, Gregor is deeply upset to see their actions. He wants to save a picture on the wall of a woman with a fur hat, a fur scarf, and a fur muff. When his mother sees him hanging there, she faints.
Grete talks to him. This is the first time anyone has directly spoken to him since he changed. Gregor rushes out of his room and moves into the kitchen. When his father comes home from his new job, he thinks Gregor is trying to attack his mother. The father throws apples at Gregor. An apple gets stuck in Gregor's back. Gregor somehow manages to get back to his room, but is badly hurt.
Gregor's family starts leaving Gregor's bedroom door open in the evenings so that he can watch them. He experiences his family's struggle because of his change and their lack of money. His sister, Grete, also seems unhappy. She does her task of feeding and cleaning with little effort. They exchange their maid with a cheap cleaning lady who accepts Gregor's look and talks to him sometimes. Due to the lack of money, they also get three renters. To make more space, they put extra furniture in Gregor's room, which makes him feel upset. Gregor doesn't enjoy the food Grete brings anymore. He loses his taste and almost stops eating.
One evening, the cleaning lady forgot to close Gregor's door. The renters are in the living room. While Grete is playing the violin for them, Gregor also comes out to listen. The renters get bored with Grete's playing, but Gregor seems very fascinated. When one of the renters sees Gregor, all of them get scared. Gregor's father tries to push them back into their rooms, but the renters protest that they'll leave without paying rent because of the bad conditions in the apartment.
Grete tells her parents that they have to get rid of Gregor; otherwise, they'll be in great trouble. Her father wishes Gregor would understand and leave on his own. Gregor understands and goes back to his room. In his room, wanting to free his family from him, Gregor dies.
When the family members find out Gregor is dead, the family feels a great sense of relief. The father kicks out the renters and plans to fire the cleaning lady who got rid of Gregor's body. Next, the family takes a trip to the countryside, thinking about their finances. They saved a lot during the months they lived frugally due to the presence of Gregor. They decide to move to a nicer apartment. Grete seems quite strong and even beautiful again. This led her parents to think about finding her a husband.
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